Glossary of Terms

The convention in which a king’s first partial year is his accession year and year 1 begins at the next new year — opposed to inclusive counting, which numbers the partial year as year 1.
see Herod the Great

The LORD’s fixed meeting days, proclaimed by the lights He set "for signs, and for seasons" — appointments kept on His calendar, not movable traditions.
(Gen 1:14; Lev 23:2; Ps 104:19) · see Appointed Times

The eighth-day assembly closing Tabernacles, on the 22nd of the 7th month — "the last day, that great day of the feast."
(Lev 23:36; John 7:37) · see Appointed Times

Compass bearing along the horizon — 0° north, 90° east — the measure by which the Gibeon and Aijalon stations of Joshua’s long day are surveyed.
see Stability of Astronomy

Rome’s year named by its two consuls — the frame Josephus uses to anchor the start of an event sequence, not necessarily its completion.
see Herod’s Appointment & Battle of Actium

The first western sliver after the conjunction — the month-start of the received calendar, and in Scripture the hardware of crescent-moon worship: the saharonim stripped from Midian’s kings and the daughters of Zion.
(Judg 8:21-26; Isa 3:18) · see When Does the Month Start?

The moon’s hidden phase beside the sun, showing the earth its unlit side — the only phase that can cover the sun, and the reckoning by which the counterfeit calendar begins its months.
see Lucifer’s Declared Plan

The appointed day of resurrection and judgment; every physical mark the prophets give it — the homecoming, the trumpet, the east-to-west shining, the whole moon turned to blood — is a mark of the full moon.
(Ps 81:3; Prov 7:20; Joel 2:31; 1 Cor 15:52) · developed in MEAT — The Bible’s Symbolic Language

The computed table of where the lights stand on any date — free software (Stellarium, on the NASA JPL tables) by which every date in this book can be rerun.
see Stability of Astronomy

The year begins with the first renewed moon on or after the spring equinox — the sun’s turning (tekufah, Ps 19:6) anchoring the first month, stable at every longitude.
see When Does the Year Start?

The full moon — the throne’s witness in the sky, bearing the sun’s whole light through the night; the office the counterfeit phase cannot fill.
(Ps 89:36-37; Rev 1:5) · see Sun, Moon, and Stars

The start of the biblical day — dawn, not sunset; the tomb already empty "while it was still dark" belongs to the first day of the week.
(John 20:1; Gen 1:5) · see When Does the Day Start?

Capitalized First Fruits names the barley wave-sheaf observance, always on the 16th of the first month—the third day from Passover on the 14th and the fixed date of the resurrection. Lowercase first fruits is the broader harvest category: the first offerings of barley, wheat, wine, and oil.
(Lev 23:10-17; Num 18:12) · see When is the Sabbath? and Appointed Times

The moon’s whole face covered with the sun’s light — the phase Scripture sets at the month’s head, and a word written with the letters of the throne.
(Ps 81:3; Prov 7:20) · see When Does the Month Start?

The good tidings of the coming kingdom, in which the law goes forth from Zion — proclaimed beforehand to Abraham, and announced with the command to keep the appointed times in the same breath.
(Nah 1:15; Isa 2:2-3; Gal 3:8) · derived in the Gospel chapter of MEAT — The Bible’s Symbolic Language

Jerusalem — the city at the navel of the land, in whose power the Son of man spent the 3 days and 3 nights; not the tomb.
(Matt 12:40; Ezek 5:5; 38:12) · derived in MEAT — The Bible’s Symbolic Language

A feast rest fixed by date; on the biblical calendar the 15th is at once the weekly sabbath and the feast day, which is why John calls the sabbath of the crucifixion week "an high day."
(John 19:31; Lev 23:6-7) · see When is the Sabbath?

Counting both endpoints of a span — "after three days" and "on the third day" describe the same interval; the 14th, 15th, and 16th are 3 days.
(Matt 27:63-64; Luke 24:21) · see Passion Week — 3 Days & 3 Nights

The 13th month that keeps lunar months aligned with the solar year — governed by the equinox rule, not by committee decree.
see When Does the Year Start?

The fiftieth year of liberty crowning seven sabbaths of years; the clock runs from the Jordan crossing in 1406 BC.
(Lev 25:8-10) · see 32 AD Resurrection

The seventh-day rests counted from the renewed moon — the 8th, 15th, 22nd, and 29th of every month, with the renewed-moon day standing outside the sevens.
(Lev 23:15-16; Isa 66:23) · see When is the Sabbath?

"The closed sea" — the ancient halt of Mediterranean sailing from roughly November to March, which constrains every reconstructed voyage timeline, including Herod’s journey to Rome.
see Herod’s Appointment & Battle of Actium

The twelve-sign circuit brought forth in its season — the standards of the twelve tribes mapped to the signs, the sky’s yearly clock face.
(Job 38:32) · see When Does the Month Start?

The 19-year cycle — 235 lunar months — after which the moon’s phases return to the same solar dates; the reason a rare sun-moon alignment recurs about once in 19 years.
see Stability of Astronomy

The rabbinic calculated mean conjunction from which the modern Jewish calendar reckons its months — a computed dark moon, standing in for an observed light.
see When Does the Month Start?

The lesser light — the Son’s sign: the faithful witness bearing the sun’s whole light through the night, and the light appointed to govern the seasons.
(Gen 1:16; Ps 89:37; 104:19) · see Sun, Moon, and Stars

A kingdom — the stone cut without hands becomes "a great mountain," and Daniel interprets it as the kingdom set over every other kingdom.
(Dan 2:35, 44) · see Lucifer’s Declared Plan; the full study in MEAT — The Bible’s Symbolic Language

The Greek four-year cycle counted from 776 BC — Josephus' second dating frame, naming the 184th olympiad at Herod’s appointment.
see Herod’s Appointment & Battle of Actium

The 50-day count from the wave sheaf to Pentecost — "seven sabbaths shall be complete" — which completes only on the lunar month; the calendar’s built-in checksum.
(Lev 23:15-16) · see When is the Sabbath?

Josephus' dual count for Herod — 37 years from the Roman decree (regal, de jure), 34 from the death of Antigonus (de facto); his unqualified references default to the regal count.
see Herod: Regal vs De Facto

A king’s year of reign as ancient dating formulas count it — from accession, or from the calendar new year that follows it, by the local convention.
see Herod the Great

The first day of the biblical month — the first light after the full moon, the waning moon still standing 12-24° above the western horizon at dawn.
(Ps 81:3; Job 10:17; Ps 89:36-37) · see When Does the Month Start?

Running the ephemeris backward to recover an ancient sky — verified against independently dated observations to 2134 BC, deeper than any date this book computes.
see Stability of Astronomy

A complete seven crowned by rest — the week itself: Hebrew counts "seven sabbaths" (shabbatot) where Deuteronomy counts the same span as "seven weeks" (shavuot), Greek calls the week the sabbath ("twice in the sabbath," dis tou sabbatou, is twice a week), and the unit scales to the land’s seventh year and the seven sevens of Jubilee.
(Lev 23:15 with Deut 16:9; Lev 25:8; Luke 18:12; Matt 28:1) · see The Sabbath

The marked seventh of the sabbath-unit — Hebrew says "the day OF the sabbath" exactly as it says "the day OF the new moon," and Ezekiel 46:1 sets the two genitives side by side; when the law means the resting member itself it doubles the word: shabbat shabbaton, "the sabbath of rest." Greek writes the same construction: "the day of the sabbaths" (Luke 4:16).
(Ex 20:8; Ezek 46:1; Ex 31:15) · see The Sabbath

Peoples and nations in an unrooted mass — the restless multitude through which rulers move, and into whose heart Jonah was cast.
(Rev 17:15; Isa 17:12; Jonah 2:3) · see The Sign of Jonah; derived in MEAT — The Bible’s Symbolic Language

The appointed times as outlines cast by a coming substance — "a shadow of things to come; but the body is of Christ." A shadow is proof of the body that casts it, and keeping the shadow traces the substance.
(Col 2:16-17; Heb 10:1) · derived in MEAT — The Bible’s Symbolic Language

Isaiah’s fallen "Lucifer," heard twice from the letters: son of the dawn, and son and bearer of blackness — the claimant of the covered lunar seat.
(Isa 14:12-15) · see Lucifer’s Declared Plan

An organized kingdom, city, or state riding upon the sea of peoples — its rulers steer it and its inhabitants crew it; one man is given to the storm so the ship of the nation may live.
(Ezek 27:2-32; Jonah 1:4-15) · see The Sign of Jonah; derived in MEAT — The Bible’s Symbolic Language

The Passion traced scene for scene in Jonah’s voyage — the one sign given to that generation, laid out in the 26-parallel table.
(Matt 12:39-40) · see Passion Week — 3 Days & 3 Nights; derived in MEAT — The Bible’s Symbolic Language

The righteous — "they that turn many to righteousness" shine "as the stars for ever and ever," the host governed with the lesser light.
(Dan 12:3; Gen 1:16) · see Sun, Moon, and Stars

The greater light — the Father’s sign: "the LORD God is a sun"; the source whose light the moon bears and the stars answer.
(Gen 1:16; Ps 84:11) · see Sun, Moon, and Stars

Written with the same letters as keseh, the full moon — the covered seat, defined in the sky by sun and moon together: the moon at fulness, facing the sun, covered with its light.
(Ps 89:36-37; Job 26:9) · see When Does the Month Start?

The jubilee-shaped count — seven sevens crowned by a fiftieth of liberty; the feast is a count, not a week, and Daniel’s Sevens carry its shape into the 490-year prophecies.
(Lev 23:15-16; 25:8-10; Deut 16:9-10; Dan 9:24) · see 32 AD Resurrection; derived in MEAT — The Bible’s Symbolic Language

Every seventh year — debts forgiven, slaves freed — proclaimed at Atonement; the "acceptable year of the LORD" Jesus read at Nazareth.
(Deut 15:1-2; Luke 4:19) · see 32 AD Resurrection